Intel® Desktop Socket Processor
Mini-ITX Motherboard with Intel® LGA1151 8/9th Gen Socket Processor and with Intel® H310 Chipset Features
- Powered by Intel® LGA1151 8/9th Gen Socket Processor (Formerly Coffee Lake-S, TDP 65W)
- Versatile Graphics Output: 1 x HDMI 1.4, 1 x DP, 1 x VGA, 1 x LVDS (Supports Triple Displays)
- Storage Options: 3 x SATA III, 1 x M.2 M-key (SATA/PCIex4) support NVMe
- Flexible Expansion: 1 x PCIe x16 slot, 1 x M.2 E-key for CNVi Wi-Fi/BT
- Reliable Networking: 1 x GbE, 1 x 2.5GbE for fast and stable connectivity
- Rich I/O Interfaces: 2 x COM ports, 4 x USB 3.2 Gen 1, 2 x USB 2.0
- Robust Security: Optional onboard TPM 2.0 for enhanced system protection
Intel® Desktop Socket Processor
Mini-ITX Motherboard with Intel® LGA1151 8/9th Gen Socket Processor and Intel® C246 Chipset Features
- Powered by Intel® LGA1151 8/9th Gen Socket Processor (Formerly Coffee Lake-S, TDP 65W)
- Expandable Storage: 5 x SATA III with RAID 0/1/5/10, 1 x M.2 M-key supports NVMe
- Flexible Expansion Slots: 1 x PCIe x16, 1 x M.2 E-key for CNVi
- Versatile Display Options: 1 x HDMI, 1 x DP, 1 x VGA, 1 x LVDS (Supports Triple Displays)
- Enhanced Networking: 1 x GbE, 1 x 2.5GbE
- Comprehensive I/O: 6 x COM ports, 4 x USB 3.2 Gen.2, 6 x USB 3.2 Gen.1, 2 x USB 2.0
- Reliable Security: Onboard TPM 2.0 (optional) for enhanced system protection
Intel® Desktop Socket Processor
Mini-ITX motherboard with Intel® 8th/9th Gen Processor, Q370 chipset Features
- Powered by Intel® LGA1151 8th Gen Socket Processor (Coffee Lake-S, TDP 65W)
- Triple Display Support: HDMI, DP, VGA, and LVDS for versatile display options.
- Reliable Networking: 1 x GbE and 1 x 2.5GbE Ethernet
- Comprehensive I/O Interfaces: 4 x USB3.2 Gen2, 6 x USB3.2, 2 x USB2.0, and 6 COM Ports
- Storage & RAID Support: 5 SATA III (RAID 0,1,5,10)
- Additional Expansion: 1 PCIe x16, 1 M.2 E-Key, and 1 M.2 M-Key
- Power: ATX (4+24 pin), AT/ATX supported
Intel Atom® Processor
Mini-ITX Embedded Motherboard with Intel® Celeron® N3160 SoC Processor and ATX Power Support Features
- Efficient Processing: Powered by Intel® Celeron® N3160 (Formerly Braswell, TDP 6W) Triple Display Support: VGA, HDMI, and LVDS for versatile display options.
- Reliable Networking: Dual GbE Ethernet ports for stable connections.
- Data Security: Supports Intel AES-NI and optional TPM for enhanced data protection.
- Comprehensive I/O: 4 COM ports, 3 USB 3.0, and 5 USB 2.0 ports for diverse connectivity.
- Flexible Storage & Expansion: 1 x M.2 M-key, 1 x SATA III, 1 x PCI slot, 1 x Mini PCIe slot, and SIM Card Holder
- ATX Power Support: Compatible with ATX power input for easy integration.
Intel® Mobile SoC Processor
3.5" Motherboard with Intel® 11th Gen Core i, 4K/8K Quad Display Support, 4 x COM, 8 x USB, and 12–24V DC-in Features
- Power by Intel® 11th Gen Core i5 Processor (Tiger Lake-U TDP 12~28W)
- High-Capacity Memory: 2 x DDR4 3200MHz SO-DIMM, up to 64GB
- Dual Gigabit Networking: 1 x GbE, 1 x 2.5GbE
- With 2 x HDMI®, 2 x DP, 1 x eDP, and 1 x LVDS; Support 4 x independent 4K HDR or 1 x 8K SDR display
- Comprehensive I/O: 4 x COM (2* RS232/422/485, 2* RS232), 4 x USB 3.2 Gen 2, 4 x USB 2.0
- Flexible Expansion: 1 x M.2 M-key 2242/2280 (PCIe Gen4), 1 x M.2 E-key 2230 with CNVi support
- Enhanced Security: Optional TPM 2.0
- Wide Power Input: DC-in 12–24V for adaptable power options
Intel Atom® Processor
Intel® Elkhart Lake N6210 CPU, DDR4 up to 32GB, 2* HDMI2.0b, 1* M.2 (M-key), 1* M.2 (E-key), 1* M.2 (B-key) W/SIM card slot, 64GB eMMC (default), 2* Intel i225V 2.5GbE, 12~24V DC-in Features
- Powered by Intel® N6210 SoC Processor (Elkhart Lake, TDP 6.5W)
- Dual DDR4 3200MHz SO-DIMM: Maximize multitasking performance
- Dual 2.5GbE LAN: High-speed networking connection
- Triple Display Support: 2 x HDMI 2.0b, 1 x eDP/LVDS (either eDP or LVDS) for versatile multi-display setups
- Comprehensive I/O: 2 x COM, 3 x USB 3.1 Gen 2, 5 x USB 2.0 ports
- Flexible Expansion: 1 x M.2 E-key 2230, 1 x M.2 B-key 3042 w/SIM slot
- Storage Options: 1 x SATA III, Optional 64GB eMMC, 1 x M.2 M-key 2242/2280
- Reliable DC Input: 12V–24V range, ideal for industrial environments
Intel Atom® Processor
3.5" Motherboard with Intel® 8th Gen SoC, Dual 2.5GbE LAN, Dual HDMI, M.2 Slots (M-key, E-key, B-key w/ SIM), 64GB eMMC, and 12-24V DC-in Features
- Powered by Intel® J6412 SoC Processor (Elkhart Lake, TDP 10W)
- Dual DDR4 3200MHz SO-DIMM: Maximize multitasking performance
- Dual 2.5GbE LAN: High-speed networking connection
- Triple Display Support: 2 x HDMI 2.0b, 1 x eDP/LVDS (either eDP or LVDS) for versatile multi-display setups
- Comprehensive I/O: 2 x COM, 3 x USB 3.1 Gen 2, 5 x USB 2.0 ports
- Flexible Expansion: 1 x M.2 E-key 2230, 1 x M.2 B-key 3042 w/SIM slot
- Storage Options: 1 x SATA III, Optional 64GB eMMC, 1 x M.2 M-key 2242/2280
- Reliable DC Input: 12V–24V range, ideal for industrial environments
SoC-N3160
New Model: JNUC-ADN1-N97000/JNU691-3455/JNU691-3350/JNU93R-2930
NUC size with Intel® Braswell N3160 Soc Processor, DDR3L up to 8GB, 2* HDMI, 1* DP, support Triple Independent Display
Features
1. Intel® Braswell N3160 SoC Processor
2. 1* DDR3L SO-DIMM up to 8GB
3. 2* HDMI 1.4b, 1* DP 1.2, support Triple Independent Displays
4. 2* Realtek RTL8119I GbE
5. Integrated Realtek ALC888S Audio CODEC with 4-CH
6. 1* Serial ATAIII (6Gb/s)
7. 4* USB3.0, 2* USB2.0
8. 1* External RS232/422/485
9. 1* full size mPCIe (shared with mSATA), 1* half size
10. 1* SIM Card Holder
New Model: JNUC-ADN1-N97000/JNU691-3455/JNU691-3350/JNU93R-2930
Intel Atom® Processor
Intel® Braswell N3160 SoC Processor, DDR3L up to 8GB, 1* HDMI, 1* DP, 1* LVDS, 1* M.2 (M-key), 1* half size mini-PCIe, 2* GbE, 9~36V Lockable DC-in
Features
1. Intel® Braswell N3160 SoC Processor
2. 1* DDR3L 1600MHz SODIMM up to 8GB
3. 1* HDMI, 1* DisplayPort, 1* LVDS (co-lay with eDP) for Triple Independent Displays
4. 2* Realtek RTL8119I GbE
5. Integrated Realtek ALC888S Audio CODEC with 6-CH
6. 1* Serial ATAIII (6Gb/s)
7. 1* External RS232 (RJ45 Type), 5* Internal COM RS232 (COM2 support RS232/422/485)
8. 4* External USB3.0, 2* Internal USB2.0
9. 1* half size Mini-PCIe, 1* M.2 M-key (2242, SATA interface)
10. 9~36V Lockable DC-in Jack
SoC-J4125
New Model: BFTADN1-N97-N or BFDADN1-N97-N
Intel® Gemini Lake-R Processor, support DDR4 2400MHz up to 8GB
Features
1. Intel® Gemini Lake-R J4125 Soc Processor
2. 1* DDR4 2400MHz SO-DIMM up to 8GB
3. 1* M.2-2242 slot (M-key), 1* M.2-2230 slot (E-key)
4. 2* HDMI, 1* DP
5. 2* GbE, 3* USB 3.1(A-Type), 1* USB3.1(C-Type), 2* COM, 1* Audio
6. DC12V/40W Adapter
New Model: BFTADN1-N97-N or BFDADN1-N97-N
Intel Atom® Processor
Mini-ITX Motherboard with Intel® SoC-J3455 CPU, Dual 2.5GbE LAN, Triple Display Supprt, 9-36V DC-in Features
- Powered by Intel® SoC Processor (Apollo Lake Default J3455)
- DDR3L Memory: 2 x DDR3L SO-DIMM, up to 8GB
- Dual 2.5GbE LAN for high-speed networking
- Triple Display Support: HDMI, DP, and eDP/LVDS
- Comprehensive I/O: 6 COM ports, 4 USB 3.0, 3 USB 2.0
- Flexible Storage Expansion: 1 * SATA III (6Gb/s), 64GB eMMC (option)
- Additional Expansion: 1 * PCIe x1 , 1 * M.2 , 1* Mini PCIe, and 1 * SIM Card slot
- Wide Range Power Input: DC-in 9–36V, built for demanding industrial applications
3.5" SBC Legacy
Intel® Apollo Lake SoC Processor, DDR3L up to 8GB, support Max 4K display resolution
Features
1. Intel® Apollo Lake SoC Processor
2. Support 1 * DDR3L SO-DIMM, up to 8GB
3. Support 2 * Display Port & 1 * eDP port
4. Support Triple Display, Max 4K@60Hz resolution
5. 1 * External RS232(RJ45 Type) & 5 * Internal COM (COM 2 support RS232/422/485)
6. 4 * External USB3.0 & 2 * Internal USB2.0
7. 1 * full size Mini PCIe , 1 * M.2 SATA interface
8. SIM card holder & Micro SD socket
Intel Atom® Processor
Intel® Elkhart Lake J6412 CPU, DDR4 up to 32GB, 2* 2.5GbE
Features
1. Intel® Elkhart Lake J6412 2.0GHz/QC Core MCP Processor (Turbo 2.6GHz)
2.1* DDR4 3200MHz up to 32GB
3. Realtek HD Audio
4. 2* Intel® i225V 2.5GbE
5. 1* SATAIII, 1* M.2 (M-key)
6. 1* VGA, 1* eDP, 1* LVDS
7. 2* RS232/422/485, 4* RS232, 2* USB3.1 (Gen. 1), 7* USB2.0
8. 1* M.2 E key Support WIFI/BT Module , 1* M.2 B key Support 4G/5G Module
9. 12V DC-in
10. Thin MINI ITX Form Factor (170 *170 mm)
Intel Atom® Processor
Mini-ITX Motherboard with Intel® J6412 SoC Processor (Elkhart Lake) Features
- Powered by Intel® Celeron® Processor J6412 (Elkhart Lake, TDP 10W)
- Triple display support with versatile output options: VGA, eDP, LVDS, and co-lay HDMI
- Comprehensive I/O: 2 x USB 3.2, 7 x USB 2.0, 6 x COM Ports
- Realtek HD Audio: 3W Amplifier, 1 x Line-out, 1 x Mic, 1 x FP-Audio, 1 x Speaker
- Storage: 1 x SATA III, 1 x M.2 M-Key (2242/2280, SATA/NVMe)
- Additional Expansion: 1 x M.2 E-Key, 1 x M.2 B-Key, 1 x Nano SIM Slot
- Security: Optional TPM for Enhanced Protection
Intel Atom® Processor
NUC size with Intel® Gemini Lake-R Processor, DDR4 up to 8GB, support triple display
Features
1. Intel® Gemini Lake-R SoC Processor
2.1* DDR4 2400MHz SO-DIMM up to 8GB
3. 2* HDMI, 1* DP
4. 2* COM, 3* USB3.1 (Gen.1), 2* USB2.0, 1*USB Type-C
5. 1* M.2 (M-key, 2242), 1* M.2 (E-key, 2230), 1* SATAIII (6Gb/s)
6. Onboard 32GB eMMC option (MU11-53 / MU11-57)
7. 12V DC-in
Intel® Mobile SoC Processor
Intel® Tiger Lake-UP3 Processor, support DDR4 3200MHz up to 64GB
Features
1. Intel® 11th Gen. Tiger Lake-UP3 SoC Processor
2. 2* DDR4 3200MHz SO-DIMM up to 64GB
3. Rich and complete connection interface, supports 4 sets of 4K HDR or 1* 8K output
4. 3* internal M.2 expansion slots for various applications
Intel® Mobile SoC Processor
Fanless 4K Quad-Display Embedded System with Intel® SoC Processor (Tiger Lake-UP3) Features
- Powered by Intel® 11th Gen Core™ i5-1145G7E or i5-1135G7 (Tiger Lake-U, 15W TDP)
- Supports up to 4x 4K displays or 1x 8K display via 2 HDMI and 2 USB-C DP
- Robust Memory: Dual DDR4-3200 SO-DIMM slots, up to 64GB
- High-Speed Networking: 1 x 2.5GbE and 1 Gigabit Ethernet port
- Versatile Connectivity: 2x USB 3.2 Type-A, 2x USB 3.2 Type-C, 2x USB 3.2 Type-C/DP
- Flexible Storage and Expension: 1x M.2 M-Key, 1x M.2 E-Key, 1x M.2 B-Key
- Reliable Power: Wide 12-24V DC input range
- Compact Design: Fanless, Wall-mountable, and VESA-mountable
Intel® Desktop Socket Processor
Intel® Lynx Point H81 Chip, support LGA1150 CPU (Max 65W), DDR3 up to 16GB
Features
1.LGA1150 Socket support 4th Gen. Core Processor (Max. 65W)
2. Intel® Lynx Point H81 Chip
3. 2* DDR3/DDR3L 1600/1333MHz up to 16GB
4. Realtek HD Audio
5. 1* Intel®i217LM GbE, 1* Realtek® RTL8119I GbE
6. 4* SATA (SATA1 Co-lay 1*M.2 M-key)
7. 1* PCIe x4, 1* Mini PCIe (Full size)
8. 1* VGA, 1* HDMI, 1* DVI-D
9. 1* RS232/422/485 (COM1), 5* RS232, 2* USB3.0, 6* USB2.0
10. 12~24V DC-in
11. ITX Form Factor (170 *170 mm)
Intel® Mobile SoC Processor
11th Gen. Intel® Tiger Lake-UP3 SoC Processors, support up to 4* independent 4K HDR or 1* 8K Displays, M.2 PCIe 4.0 x4 supports NVMe, 1* RS232, 2* USB3.2 (Gen. 2) Type-A, 1* USB3.2 (Gen. 2) Type-C, 2* USB3.2 (Gen. 2) Type-C support DP1.4 display, 1* 2.5GbE, 1* GbE
Features
1. Intel® Tiger Lake-UP3 SoC Processor (TDP 15W)
2. 2* DDR4 3200MHz SO-DIMM up to 64GB
3. 1* Intel i219-LM 1.0GbE, 1* Intel i225V 2.5GbE
4. 2* HDMI, 2* DP1.4 (from USB3.2 (Gen.2) Type-C)
5. 1* RS232, 2* USB3.2 (Gen.2) Type-A, 1* USB3.2 (Gen.2) Type-C supports USB only, 2* USB3.2 (Gen. 2) Type-C support DP1.4 display
6. 1* M.2 M-key 2242/2280 (PCIe4.0 x4/SATAIII interface) support NVMe, 1* SATAIII
7. 1* M.2 E-key 2230 (USB2.0/PCIe x1 interface) support CNVi
8. 1* M.2 B-key 3042/3052 (USB3.1/USB2.0/PCIe 4.0x1 interface)
Compact Legacy
New Model: HBFDF05
Intel® Tiger Lake-UP3 SoC processor, DDR4 up to 64GB
Features
1. Intel® Tiger Lake-UP3 SoC Processor (TDP 15W)
2. 2* DDR4 3200MHz SO-DIMM up to 64GB
3. 2* HDMI, 2* DP (from Type-C), 3* USB3.2 (Gen.2), 3* USB2.0
4. Support Four independent 4K HDR Display
5. DC 12V 90W Adapter
EOL
New Model: JNF796V-H310
Intel® 8th/9th Generation Intel® Core™ i7/ i5 /i3, Pentium® LGA1151 Socket Processor, H310 Chipset, Max. 65W TDP
Features
1. Intel® 8/9th LGA1151 Socket Processor (Max. 65W TDP)
2. 2* DDR4 2400/2666MHz SO-DIMM up to 64GB
3. 1* HDMI, 1* DP, 1* VGA, 1* LVDS
4. 2* GbE, 4* RS232, 2* RS232/422/485, 4* USB3.1 (Gen.1), 2* USB2.0
5. 1* PCIe x16, 1* M.2 M-key 2242/2280 (SATA/PCIex4) support NVMe, 1* M.2 E-key 2230 (PCIex1/USB2.0) support CNVi, 3* SATAIII
6. Support onboard TPM 2.0 (option)
New Model: JNF796V-H310
EOL
New Model: JNF796V-C246
Intel® 8th/9th Generation Xeon E-series, Core™ i7/ i5 /i3, Pentium® LGA1151 Socket Processor, C246 Chipset, Max. 95W TDP, Support Intel AMT
Features
1. Intel® 8/9th LGA1151 Socket Processor (Max. 95W TDP)
2. 2* DDR4 2400/2666MHz ECC SO-DIMM up to 64GB
3. 1* HDMI, 1* DP, 1* VGA, 1* LVDS
4. 2* GbE, 4* RS232, 2* RS232/422/485, 4* USB3.1 (Gen.2), 6* USB3.1 (Gen.1), 2* USB2.0
5. 1* PCIe x16, 1* M.2 M-key 2242/2280 (SATA/PCIex4) support NVMe, 1* M.2 E-key 2230 (PCIex1/USB2.0) support CNVi, 5* SATAIII
6. Support onboard TPM 2.0 (option)
New Model: JNF796V-C246
EOL
New Model: JNF796V-Q370
Intel® 8th/9th Generation Intel® Core™ i7/ i5 /i3, Pentium® LGA1151 Socket Processor, Q370 Chipset, Max. 65W TDP, Support Intel AMT
Features
1. Intel® 8/9th LGA1151 Socket Processor (Max. 65W TDP)
2. 2* DDR4 2400/2666MHz SO-DIMM up to 64GB
3. 1* HDMI, 1* DP, 1 * VGA, 1* LVDS
4. 2* GbE, 4* RS232, 2* RS232/422/485, 4* USB3.1 (Gen.2), 6* USB3.1 (Gen.1), 2* USB2.0
5. 1* PCIe x16, 1* M.2 M-key 2242/2280 (SATA/PCIex4) support NVMe, 1* M.2 E-key 2230 (PCIex1/USB2.0) support CNVi, 5* SATAIII
6. Support onboard TPM 2.0 (option)
New Model: JNF796V-Q370
Intel Atom® Processor
Mini-ITX Motherboard with Intel® Celeron® Processor J3455 and Intel® SoC Chipset Features
- Powered by Intel® Celeron® Processor J3455 (Formerly Apollo Lake, TDP 10W)
- Triple Display Support: 2 x HDMI, 1 x LVDS/eDP
- Flexible Storage Options: 1 x SATA III, 1 x M.2 M-key (2242/2260, SATA), optional 32GB eMMC
- Expansion Capability: 1 x Mini PCIe (USB signal only), 1 x SIM card slot
- Comprehensive I/O: 2 x COM, 4 x USB 3.0, 2 x USB 2.0
- Optional TPM 2.0 for enhanced security
Intel Atom® Processor
Mini-ITX Motherboard with Intel® Celeron® Processor J3455 and with Intel® SoC Chipset Features
- Powered by Intel® Celeron® Processor J3455 (Formerly Apollo Lake, TDP 10W)
- Triple Display Support: 2 x HDMI, 1 x LVDS/eDP
- Comprehensive Storage Options: 1 x SATA III, 1 x M.2 M-key (2242/2260), Optional 32GB eMMC
- Versatile Expansion: 1 x Mini PCIe, 1 x SIM card slot
- Rich Connectivity: 4 x USB 3.0, 5 x USB 2.0, 6 x COM ports
- Enhanced Security: Onboard TPM 2.0 (optional)
Mini-ITX Legacy
New Model: LI39
Intel® Gemini Lake J4125 CPU, DDR4 2400MHz up to 8GB, support Triple Displays, Thin Mini ITX Embedded Board
Features
1. Intel® Gemini Lake J4125 2.0GHz Quad Core MCP Processor (10W, Turbo 2.7GHz)
2. 1* DDR4 2400MHz SO-DIMM up to 8GB
3. 2* Realtek® RTL8119I GbE, 1* M.2 E-key support WIFI/BT
4. 1* SATAIII, 1* M.2 M-key
5. 1* HDMI, 1* eDP, 1* LVDS
6. 2* RS232/485, 4* RS232, 2* USB3.0, 5* USB2.0
7. 12V DC-in
8. Thin Mini ITX Form Factor (170 x 170 mm)
Intel Atom® Processor
Mini-ITX Motherboard with Intel® Celeron® Processor J3455 and Intel® SoC Chipset Features
- Powered by Intel® Celeron® Processor J3455 (Formerly Apollo Lake, TDP 10W)
- Versatile Display Outputs: 1 x HDMI, 1 x VGA, 1 x LVDS/eDP, supporting triple displays
- Comprehensive I/O: 10 x COM ports, 4 x USB 3.0, 5 x USB 2.0
- Flexible Storage Expansion: 1 x SATA III, 1 x M.2 M-Key (2242/2260), and optional 32GB eMMC
- Expansion Options: Equipped with Mini PCIe and SIM card slot
- Enhanced Security: Optional TPM 2.0 for data protection
3.5" SBC Legacy
11th Gen. Intel® Tiger Lake-UP3 SoC Processors, support up to 4* independent 4K HDR Displays, M.2 PCIe 4.0 x4 supports NVMe, 1* COM, 3* USB3.2 (Gen2), 2* USB Type-C, 1* 2.5GbE, 1* GbE
Features
1. Intel® Tiger Lake-UP3 SoC Processor (TDP 12~28W)
2. 2* DDR4-3200MHz SO-DIMM up to 64GB
3. 1* Intel i219-LM 1.0GbE, 1* Intel i225V 2.5GbE
4. 2* HDMI, 2* DP1.4 (from Type-C), 1* eDP
5. 1* RS232, 3* USB3.2 (Gen.2), 5* USB2.0, 2* USB 3.2 (Gen. 2) Type-C support DP1.4 display output
6. 1* M.2 M-key 2242/2280, PCIe 4.0 x4/SATA interface support NVMe, 1* SATAIII (6Gb/s)
7. 1* M.2 E-key 2230, USB2.0/PCIe x1 interface support CNVi, 1* M.2 B-Key 3042/3052, USB3.1/USB2.0/PCIe x1 interface
8. MF10-22 / MF10-92: Onboard TPM 2.0 (option)
EOL
15.0" TFT Fanless Touch Panel Computer with Intel® Tiger Lake 6305E Processor
Features
1. 15.0” 350 nits TFT LCD with LED backlight
2. 5 Wire Resistive Touch/Anti-Reflection Protection Glass
3. Support Open frameless design
4. Easy HDD and DARM installation, cableless design
5.12-36V DC-in, with Electrical Over Stress (EOS) and OVP design
6. Front bezel meets IP65-rated protection
15.0" TFT Fanless Touch Panel Computer with Intel® Tiger Lake i5-1135G7 2.4GHz Quad Cores Processor
Features
1. 15.0” 350 nits TFT LCD with LED backlight
2. 5 Wire Resistive Touch/Anti-Reflection Protection Glass
3. Support Open frameless design
4. Easy HDD and DARM installation, cableless design
5.12-36V DC-in, with Electrical Over Stress (EOS) and OVP design
6. Front bezel meets IP65-rated protection